Ntawm ntau hom kev ua haujlwm, elastic fiber ntau, raws li "kev lag luam hnub ci", tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg lub cev muaj kev sib cuag zoo, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab fluffy warmth ntawm cov khaub ncaws, yog li nws occupies ib qho chaw ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub textile kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj thiab txawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab muab textile fabrics ib tug tej yam elasticity tau dhau los ua ib tug inevitable txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev noj textiles.
1. Diene elastic fiber (cov xov paj roj hmab)
Diene elastic fibers feem ntau hu ua roj hmab filaments lossis elastic filaments, thiab qhov elongation feem ntau yog 100% ~ 300%. Cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb yog sulfide polyisoprene, uas muaj cov tshuaj zoo thiab lub cev muaj zog xws li kub tsis kam, acid thiab alkali tsis kam, thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab siv dav hauv kev lag luam knitting xws li thom khwm thiab ribbed cuffs. Roj hmab xov paj yog ib qho elastic fiber thaum ntxov, thiab vim tias nws tsuas yog ua rau hauv cov xov paj ntxhib, nws muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv cov ntaub npuag.
2. Polyurethane fiber ntau (spandex)
Polyurethane elastane yog hais txog cov fiber ntau ua los ntawm block copolymer nrog polyurethane ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas yog hu ua spandex hauv Suav teb, thiab thawj lub npe lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog Spandex, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws lub npe mus rau Lycra Lycra, Elastane hauv Teb chaws Europe, Neolon hauv Nyiv, thiab Dorlastan hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Nws elasticity los ntawm nws cov qauv molecular, uas muaj ib tug network ntawm thaiv copolymers uas yog hu ua "mos" thiab "nyuaj" ntu. Nrog rau qhov sib txawv thaiv copolymer thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv, qhov elasticity thiab dyeing thiab xov cov khoom ntawm cov fiber ntau no kuj txawv tom qab tsim cov qauv sib txawv "segment" network.
Spandex spinning txoj kev muaj xws li qhuav spinning, ntub spinning, tshuaj tiv thaiv spinning, thiab yaj spinning. Qhuav spinning tshuab yog cov txheej txheem ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam spandex tam sim no, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev nrawm nrawm (1000 m / min), me me spinning denter, cov khoom zoo thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm me me, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj loj ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug thiab tus nqi siab thiab lwm yam shortcomings. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, tsis tas siv cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov coagulants, tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab kev kho cov kua dej pov tseg, muaj cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg, muaj peev xwm loj hlob zoo, thiab yog ib qho chaw kub ntawm kev tshawb fawb tam sim no.
Spandex yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv ntau yam ntawm elastic fiber ntau, thiab cov cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws.
3. Polyether ester elastane
Polyether ester elastane yog ib qho elastane fiber ntau ua los ntawm polyester thiab polyether copolymer los ntawm yaj spinning, thiab yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Teijin Corporation nyob rau hauv Nyiv xyoo 1990. Polyether ester elastane fibers yog structurally zoo li polyurethane elastane fibers thiab kuj muaj ib tug "segmental" yam ntxwv yam ntxwv. Cov "mos" ntu ntu yog feem ntau yog polyether ntu, uas muaj qhov yooj yooj yim, cov saw ntev, thiab yooj yim elongation thiab deformation; Cov ntu "nyuaj" yog ntu polyester, uas yog ib qho nyuaj thiab yooj yim rau crystallize, thiab cov saw yog luv dua, uas ua raws li cov node thaum lub fiber yog deformed los ntawm kev quab yuam, imparts elastic rov qab zog, thiab txiav txim siab lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. ntawm fiber.
Polyether ester elastane fiber tsis tsuas yog muaj lub zog siab, tab sis kuj zoo elasticity, ntawm 50% elongation, elasticity ntawm nruab nrab lub zog elastane fiber ntau tau sib npaug rau spandex, thiab lub melting point kuj siab dua, blended nrog PET fiber, tuaj yeem dyed ntawm 120 ~ 130 degree, yog li polyester fiber kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv elastic. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws lightfastness, chlorine bleaching tsis kam, acid thiab alkali tsis kam, thiab lwm yam, uas zoo dua li spandex zoo tib yam. Vim nws cov kua qaub zoo thiab alkali tsis kam, cov ntaub tsim los ntawm nws thiab polyester tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog alkali txo los txhim kho cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub.
Cov fiber ntau no kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv pheej yig, yooj yim tsim thiab ua, thiab yog ib hom kev cog lus ntau dua ntawm fiber ntau.
4. Polyolefin elastane fiber ntau (DOW XLA fiber ntau)
Polyolefin elastane fibers yog tsim los ntawm polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers uas yaj-spun. XLA, qhia los ntawm DOW Chemical hauv xyoo 2002, yog thawj cov khoom lag luam muaj polyolefin elastane fiber ntau uas ua los ntawm yaj-spinning ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) catalyzed los ntawm metallocene catalyst rau hauv-situ polymerization. Nws muaj elasticity zoo, 500% elongation ntawm so, kub tsis kam ntawm 220 degree, tsis kam mus rau chlorine bleaching thiab muaj zog acid thiab alkali kev kho mob, thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv ultraviolet degradation. Nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog yooj yim dua, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw yog qis dua spandex, thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yuav luag tsis muaj kuab paug thiab yooj yim rau rov ua dua.
Polyolefin elastane fibers tau siv dav hauv xyoo tas los no vim lawv cov khoom zoo heev.
5. Composite elastic fiber (T400 fiber ntau)
CONTEX (ST 100 composite elastane, collectively hu ua T400 elastane nyob rau hauv lub lag luam) yog ib tug tshiab ob-tivthaiv elastic fiber ntau ua los ntawm DuPont Sorona raws li lub ntsiab raw khoom thiab zoo tib yam PET los ntawm advanced composite spinning txheej txheem; Nrog lub ntuj ruaj khov kauv crimp thiab zoo heev bulkiness, elasticity, elastic rov qab tus nqi, xim ceev ceev thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mos xav, nws yuav tsum tau woven ib leeg, los yog interwoven nrog paj rwb, viscose, polyester, nylon, thiab lwm yam., los tsim ntau hom qauv. . Nws tsis tsuas yog daws tau ntau yam teeb meem xws li tsoos spandex yarn tsis yooj yim rau zas, dhau elasticity, complex weaving, tsis ruaj tsis khov ntaub loj, thiab yooj yim aging thaum siv, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ncaj qha woven ntawm huab cua-dav hlau, dej-txheej, thiab xub. looms, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau woven ntawm lub tshuab tom qab tau ua rau hauv cov xov paj zoo li spandex, uas txo tus nqi ntawm cov xov paj thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo sib xws.
6. Nyuaj elastic fiber
Cov saum toj no-hais elastic fibers yog mos elastic fibers, uas undergo ntau deformation thiab rov qab nyob rau hauv qis kev ntxhov siab. Los ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov pom, elasticity los ntawm qib ntawm kev ywj pheej (lossis chaos) ntawm cov saw hlau molecular, uas yog, kev hloov pauv hauv entropy ntawm lub cev, yog li cov crystallinity ntawm cov fibers saum toj no tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov fibers tau npaj nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, xws li polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) thiab lwm cov fibers, txawm hais tias lawv tsis yooj yim rau deform nyob rau hauv qis kev ntxhov siab (vim lawv muaj ntau dua modulus), tab sis kuj muaj elasticity zoo nyob rau hauv. kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qis qis, yog li cov fiber ntau no hu ua tawv elastic fiber.
Lub deformation thiab rov qab los ntawm cov tawv elastic fibers yog qhov txawv ntawm cov elastic fibers. Piv txwv li, lub modulus thiab lub zog ntawm cov tawv elastic PP fiber ntau qis dua qhov thib ob stretch tam sim ntawd tom qab lub tensile rov qab, tab sis yog hais tias nws muab tso rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm tom qab tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab, los yog yog hais tias qhov kub thiab txias yog nce mus txog. ua kom nws so kom txaus thiab ces qhov thib ob stretch yog nqa tawm, lub deformation rov qab yog yeej nyob ze rau qhov nkhaus ntawm thawj zaug. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias thaum lub zog elastic fiber yog stretched thiab zoo, tsis tsuas yog lub tensile thiab retracted deformation ntawm cov saw ntev ntu ntawm condensed molecule ntawm cov saum toj no-hais mos elastic fiber tshwm sim, tab sis kuj muaj ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub microporous. qauv thaum lub sij hawm stretching txheej txheem, thiab lawv wafer network qauv kuj hloov. Tsuas yog tom qab cov kev hloov pauv no maj mam rov qab tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lawv qhov qub, yog li lawv deform thiab rov qab los nyob rau hauv siab dua, uas yog hu ua tawv elastic fiber.
Tam sim no, tawv elastic fibers tsis siv ntau hauv textiles, tab sis vim lawv cov yam ntxwv elastic txawv ntawm cov mos elastic fibers, qee qhov tshwj xeeb textiles tuaj yeem tsim.